On Sunday (16 August 2025), the Congress alleged that history has been broken at the Kalprits of Partition, a part of the course module designed by NCERT for classes 6 to 8. In this module, the Congress and the then All India Muslim League leader Mohammad Ali Jinnah have been convicted for partition. This module is a supplementary book for classes 6 to 8 (middle stage). It is not a part of regular textbooks and is to be used for projects, posters, discussions and debates.

It is written in the NCERT module that finally, India was partitioned on August 15, 1947, but it was not the handiwork of any one person. Three people were responsible for the partition of India. First, Jinnah, who demanded it. The second Congress who accepted it and the third Mountbatten (the then Viceroy) who implemented it.

What did Congress leader Pawan Kheda say?
On the matter, Congress leader Pawan Kheda said that if there is no mention of the role of Hindu Mahasabha in it, then this book should be torn. In 1938, at the National Session of the Hindu Mahasabha on the Sabarmati coast of Gujarat, the first proposal was made that Hindus and Muslims remained separate. It got support in the 1940 Lahore session of the Muslim League. Then, in 1942, a resolution passed by the United Government of Sindh province, which was formed by the Hindu Mahasabha and the Muslim League. If these dates are not mentioned in the NCERT book, then it should be torn.

What did Manish Tiwari say?
Congress leader Manish Tiwari said on the dispute over NCERT that the two-nation theory leading to partition is at least seven decades before partition. Its supporters were on both sides. Muslims and Hindus, and V.D. in those seven decades. Savarkar, Syed Ahmed Khan, Bhai Parmanand and Lala Lajpat Rai quoted many people. Actually, partition was not of India, but its two provinces from Punjab and Bengal. NCERT’s ‘partition horror’ chapter is a matter of breaking and twisting history. In the North West Frontier Province, a member of the Hindu Mahasabha member Sardar Aurangzeb Khan (Muslim League) formed the government in 1943. Mehar Chand Khanna was the Finance Minister in the cabinet.

What is two nation theory?
The mainstay of theory was that since Hindus and Muslims are two different sects, their political -economic needs are also different and they cannot live together. After all, a separate country was demanded for Muslims. This was the extreme of communalism, which results in the formation of India’s partition and communal riots. On the basis of two-nation theory, India was partitioned by Mountbatten under the scheme. The demand for the formation of Pakistan begins with Urdu poet Mohammad Iqbal. While giving the presidential speech at the session of the Muslim League in 1930, he emphasized the need for a north-western Indian Muslim state. But in that speech, Iqbal was not on the rise of a new country, but was emphasizing on the establishment of an autonomous unit within the integrated, powerful Indian Union of Muslim -dominated areas in northwest India.

When was the proposal of Muslim League proposed?
The proposal of the Muslim League was placed on 23 March 1940. This was proposed by AK Falul Haq and Mohammad Ali. The proposal demanded the construction of independent states for Muslims in the northwest and eastern regions of India. The 1940 proposal of the Muslim League demanded that the geographically adjacent units be identified as areas, which the areas should be re-adjusted according to the need to make such adjustments that there are more number of Muslims in those parts like the northwest and eastern areas of India. They should be collected and made an independent state, including units will be independent and autonomous.

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