With the rising concern over monkeypox (mpox) cases globally, the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Delhi has issued detailed guidelines to help healthcare professionals manage and treat suspected patients. As the world recovers from the COVID-19 pandemic, the emergence of monkeypox poses a new public health challenge. The guidelines serve as a precautionary measure to ensure timely detection and treatment while minimizing the spread of the virus.

Rising Concern Over Monkeypox

On Monday, the Center directed airports across the country to be on high alert, urging officials to increase surveillance to detect possible monkeypox cases. This move comes amid fears that international travelers could potentially bring the virus into India. The government’s proactive stance highlights the importance of early detection and rapid response to prevent outbreaks.

AIIMS Guidelines for Treating Mpox

AIIMS has outlined Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for the management of mpox cases, focusing on isolation protocols, treatment options, and infection prevention strategies. These guidelines aim to provide a clear framework for healthcare providers, ensuring a uniform response across facilities.

Detailed SOPs Issued by AIIMS

Here are the 10 key points from the SOPs released by AIIMS for treating suspected monkeypox patients:

1. Immediate Isolation: Suspected patients should be isolated in dedicated wards to prevent transmission.
2. Clinical Screening: Comprehensive assessment of symptoms, including fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes.
3. Rapid Testing: Urgent lab testing for confirmation using PCR tests specific to monkeypox.
4. Contact tracing: identification and monitoring of all close contacts for symptoms.
5. Quarantine Measures: Close contacts should be quarantined for at least 21 days.
6. Infection Control: Stringent use of personal protective equipment (PPE) by healthcare workers.
7. Treatment Protocols: Administration of antiviral drugs like Tecovirimat, as advised.
8. Symptom Management: Supportive care includes hydration, pain management, and monitoring.
9. Patient Education: Providing clear instructions to patients on hygiene and symptom reporting.
10. Reporting and Documentation: Timely reporting of cases to health authorities and documentation for future reference.

Monitoring and Early Detection

The guidelines emphasize the importance of early detection through rigorous screening at entry points like airports and high-traffic areas. Rapid testing and prompt isolation are key to preventing the spread of monkeypox within communities.

Treatment Protocol for Mpox

Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. AIIMS recommends the use of antiviral medications in severe cases and highlights the importance of close monitoring, especially for immunocompromised patients. For mild cases, supportive care remains the primary approach.

Airport and Public Safety Measures

Airports have been instructed to enhance thermal screening and look for visible signs of infection. Public health campaigns are also being launched to educate people on the symptoms, transmission, and preventive measures associated with mpox.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Common Queries Regarding Monkeypox Transmission and Safety

1. How is monkeypox transmitted?
   • Monkeypox spreads through direct contact with infectious sores, body fluids, or respiratory droplets.
2. Is there a vaccine available?
   • Yes, smallpox vaccines like JYNNEOS and ACAM2000 offer protection against monkeypox.
3. What are the main symptoms to watch for?
   • Fever, rash, headache, swollen lymph nodes, and body aches.

Conclusion

The release of these guidelines by AIIMS marks a critical step in preparing for and responding to potential monkeypox cases in India. The public should stay informed, follow preventive measures, and seek medical advice if they experience any symptoms. As authorities ramp up surveillance and safety protocols, timely cooperation from all stakeholders will be key to containing the threat.